- TEACHER’S DAY CELEBRATION (05 september)
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September 1888 – 17 April 1975) was an Indian philosopher and statesman who was the first Vice President of India (1952–1962) and the second President of India from 1962 to 1967.
One of India’s most distinguished twentieth-century scholars of comparative religion and philosophy, his academic appointments included professor of Philosophy at the University of Mysore (1918-1921), the King George V Chair of Mental and Moral Science at the University of Calcutta (1921–1932) and Spalding Professor of Eastern Religion and Ethics at University of Oxford (1936–1952).
His philosophy was grounded in Advaita Vedanta, reinterpreting this tradition for a contemporary understanding. He defended Hinduism against “uninformed Western criticism”, Contributing to the formation of contemporary Hindu identity. He has been influential in shaping the understanding of Hinduism, in both India and the west, and earned a reputation as a bridge-builder between India and the West.
Radhakrishnan was awarded several high awards during his life, including a knighthood in 1931, the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, in 1954, and honorary membership of the British Royal Order of Merit in 1963. Radhakrishnan believed that “teachers should be the best minds in the country”. Since 1962, his birthday is being celebrated in India as Teachers’ Day on 5 September.
- हिंदी पखवाड़ा
26 जनवरी 1950 को भारतीय संविधान लागू होने के साथ साथ राजभाषा नीति भी लागू हुई। संविधान के अनुच्छेद 343 (1) के तहत यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि भारत की राजभाषा हिंदी और लिपि देवनागरी है। संघ के शासकीय प्रयोजनों के लिए प्रयोग होने वाले अंकों का रूप भारतीय अंकों का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय रूप है। हिंदी के अतिरिक्त अंग्रेजी भाषा का प्रयोग भी सरकारी कामकाज में किया जा सकता है। अनुच्छेद 343 (2) के अंतर्गत यह भी व्यवस्था की गई है कि संविधान के लागू होने के समय से 15 वर्ष की अवधि तक, अर्थात वर्ष 1965 तक संघ के सभी सरकारी कार्यों के लिए पहले की भांति अंग्रेज़ी भाषा का प्रयोग होता रहेगा। यह व्यवस्था इसलिए की गई थी कि इस बीच हिन्दी न जानने वाले हिन्दी सीख जायेंगे और हिन्दी भाषा को प्रशासनिक कार्यों के लिए सभी प्रकार से सक्षम बनाया जा सकेगा।
अनुच्छेद 344 में यह कहा गया कि संविधान प्रारंभ होने के 5 वर्षों के बाद और फिर उसके 10 वर्ष बाद राष्ट्रपति एक आयोग बनाएँगे, जो अन्य बातों के साथ साथ संघ के सरकारी कामकाज में हिन्दी भाषा के उत्तरोत्तर प्रयोग के बारे में और संघ के राजकीय प्रयोजनों में से सब या किसी के लिए अंग्रेज़ी भाषा के प्रयोग पर रोक लगाए जाने के बारे में राष्ट्रपति को सिफारिश करेगा। आयोग की सिफारिशों पर विचार करने के लिए इस अनुच्छेद के खंड 4 के अनुसार 30 संसद सदस्यों की एक समिति के गठन की भी व्यवस्था की गई। संविधान के अनुच्छेद 120 में कहा गया है कि संसद का कार्य हिंदी में या अंग्रेजी में किया जा सकता है।
वर्ष 1965 तक 15 वर्ष हो चुका था, लेकिन उसके बाद भी अंग्रेजी को हटाया नहीं गया और अनुच्छेद 334 (3) में संसद को यह अधिकार दिया गया कि वह 1965 के बाद भी सरकारी कामकाज में अंग्रेज़ी का प्रयोग जारी रखने के बारे में व्यवस्था कर सकती है।
3. महात्मा गाँधी जयंती (2 अक्टूबर)
तीसरे महत्वपूर्ण राष्ट्रीय कार्यक्रम के रुप में हर साल गाँधी जयंती को मनाया जाता है। महात्मा गाँधी जन्म दिवस पर को उनको श्रद्धांजलि देने के लिये पूरे देश के भारतीय लोगों द्वारा 2 अक्टूबर को इसे मनाया जाता है। गाँधी देश के राष्ट्रपिता तथा बापू के रुप में प्रसिद्ध है। वो एक देशभक्त नेता थे और अहिंसा के पथ पर चलते हुए पूरे देश का भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में नेतृत्व किया। उनके अनुसार, ब्रिटिश शासन से स्वतंत्रता की लड़ाई जीतने के लिये अहिंसा और सच्चाई ही एकमात्र हथियार है। वह कई बार जेल भी गये हालाँकि देश को आजादी मिलने तक उन्होंने अपने अहिंसा आंदोलन को जारी रखा। वह हमेशा सामाजिक समानता में भरोसा रखते थे इसीलिये अस्पृश्यता के घोर खिलाफ थे।
सरकारी अधिकारियों द्वारा नई दिल्ली में गाँधीजी की समाधि या राजघाट पर बहुत तैयारियों के साथ गाँधी जयंती मनायी जाती है। राजघाट के समाधि स्थल को फूलों की माला तथा फूलों से सजाया जाता है तथा इस महान नेता को श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित की जाती है। समाधि पर सुबह के समय धार्मिक प्रार्थना भी रखी जाती है। इसे पूरे देशभर में स्कूल और कॉलेजों में विद्यार्थीयों के द्वारा खासतौर से राष्ट्रीय उत्सव के रुप में मनाया जाता है।
महात्मा गाँधी के जीवन और उनके कार्यों पर आधारित नाट्य ड्रामा, कविता व्याख्यान, गायन, भाषण, निबंध लेखन तथा दूसरी प्रतियोगिता में भाग लेना जैसे प्रश्न-उत्तर प्रतियोगिता, कला प्रतियोगिता आदि के द्वारा विद्यार्थी इस उत्सव को मनाते है। उनकी याद में विद्यार्थीयों के द्वारा गाँधी का सबसे प्रिय गीत “रघुपति राघव राजा राम” भी गाया जाता है। इस दिन सबसे अच्छा प्रदर्शन करने वाले छात्र को पुरस्कृत किया जाता है। वह बहुत सारे राजनीतिक नेताओं खासतौर से देश के युवाओं के लिये प्रेरणादायी और अनुकरणीय व्यक्ति है। दूसरे महान नेता जैसे मार्टिन लूथर किंग, नेल्सन मंडेला, जेम्स लॉसन आदि महात्मा गाँधी की अहिंसा और स्वतंत्रता की लड़ाई के लिये शांतिपूर्ण तरीकों से प्रेरित हुए।
4.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
NATIONAL EDUCATION DAY (11TH NOVEMBER 2017)
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born in Mecca in 1888 and came to India in 1890. A year after he came to India, his mother died. His father was conventional type of person who gave no importance to western education. Initially, his father provided him some schooling but later appointed different eminent teachers for different subjects. Besides traditional education, he learnt world history, politics, English through self-study. After completing his course, he came across the writings of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, which greatly inspired him. Abul Kalam composed poetry in Urdu language, as well as treatises on religion and philosophy.
In 1923, at an age of 35, he became the youngest person to serve as the president of Indian National Congress. He served as independent India’s first education minister. He became a significant national leader, and served on the Congress working committee & offices of general secretary & president many times. His birth date i.e. 11 November is observed as the ‘National Education Day’ in India. During his 11 years as Minister of Education, he performed a number of important services for Indian education.
He emphasized on four major programs –
- Removal of illiteracy throughout the nation by promoting elementary education, including education for women.
- Equalizing educational opportunities in Indian society.
- Three languages formulae, Hindi being the medium of instruction including state languages, and English as a second language.
- Comprehensible primary education throughout the nation.
He also setup the advanced research Center’s in science & technology, and also strengthened All India Council for Technical Education. He bridged the gap between the old and the new. Azad warmly gave space to modern western knowledge even as he strongly opposed the western rule over his country.
Azad especially emphasized ‘social education’ , which meant understanding of social conditions of the country, health education, economic improvement through arts, craftwork, music, drama, literature, poetry, and instructions in universal ethics, including tolerance and mutual appreciation.
In 1912, he established an Urdu weekly newspaper called “Al-Hilal”. This publication marked a turning point in the history of Urdu journalism. It was popular within a short period of time, ventilating revolutionaries’ views. His publications aimed at encouraging young Muslims into fighting for Independence and Hindu-Muslim unity.
After the confiscation of Al-Hilal in 1915, he started a new press by the name of Al-Balagh and brought out a journal under the same name. Ghubar-e-Khatir is also one of the most important works of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. It deals with his social and spiritual life.
Maulana Azad viewed, “every individual has a right to an education that will enable him to develop his faculties and live a full human life. Such education is the birth right of every citizen. A state cannot claim to have discharged its duty till it has provided for every single individual means to the acquisition of knowledge and self-betterment.”
His dream was to make India self-sufficient in higher technical education to meet all the needs and looked forward to a day when people from abroad will come for higher scientific and technical education.
CHILDREN’S DAY
(14TH NOVEMBER )
Children’s day (also known as Baal Divas) in India is celebrated every year on 14th of November to increase the awareness of people towards the rights, care and education of children.
14th of November (birthday of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru) has been set to celebrate as children’s day all over the India. 14th of November is the birth date of the first Indian prime minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. He became the prime minister of India just after the independence of India. The Children’s Day is celebrated every year to let the people specially parents aware about the importance of celebrating this day.
WHY CHILDREN’S DAY IS CELEBRATED
The birthday of Chacha Nehru, a great Indian leader, is celebrated as Children’s Day. He worked great for the well-being of children as well as youngsters after the independence of India. He worked so much for the education, progress and welfare of the children of India. He was very affectionate towards children and became famous as Chacha Nehru among them. For the progress and development of the youth of India, he had established various educational institutions such as Indian Institutes of Technology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Indian Institutes of Management.
He made a five year plan which includes free primary education, free meals including milk to the school children in order to prevent children from malnutrition in India. The deep love and fervor of Chacha Nehru towards the children is the big reason of celebrating the Children’s Day at his birthday anniversary.
The childhood is the great moments in the life of everybody which should be necessarily given a right track to become successful in the future as an asset of the country. Without the right track they may miss living a good life. This can be done only by giving a right education, care and way to progress.
About Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was a great leader of India and led the India as a first prime minister of India just after getting the independence in 1947. He was born on 14th of November in the year 1889 to the renowned lawyer, Mr. Motilal Nehru and Swaroop Rani in the Allahabad. Because of being very brilliant he was named as Jawaharlal. He got his later education from the England and after returning to India he started helping Indians and struggle for independence of India. After independence of the India he became the first prime minister of the India. He was also a great poet; some of his famous writings are ‘Glimpses of World History’, ‘Discovery of India’ and etc.
He was really fond of children as well as roses that’s he said that children are like the buds of the garden. He said that children are the country’s actual strength as they would make developed society in future.
CHILDREN’S DAY CELEBRATION
Children’s day is celebrated every year with a lots organized programs including cultural and fun activities all over the India. Government and non-government organizations, schools, NGOs, private bodies and other conducts variety of competitions as well as events for the children to let them known about their rights and make them happy and cheer. TV channels also demonstrate the interesting programs for the children on 14th of November.
Parents take part in this event very enthusiastically to make their children happy; they distribute gifts, greeting cards to their sons and daughters. They go on picnic, long drive and enjoy the day with party.
KVS FOUNDATION DAY (15 DECEMBER)
The Kendriya Vidyalayas are a system of central government schools in India that were instituted under the aegis of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD). It comprises over 1,094 schools in India and three abroad. It is one of world’s largest chain of schools
History
The system came into being in 1963 under the name ‘Central Schools’. Later, the name was changed to Kendriya Vidyalaya. All the schools are affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Its objective is to educate children of the Indian Defence Services personnel who are often posted to remote locations. With the army starting its own Army Public Schools, the service was extended (but not restricted) to all central government employees.
A uniform curriculum is followed by these schools all over India. By providing a common syllabus and system of education, the Kendriya Vidyalayas are intended to ensure that the children of government employees do not face education disadvantages when their parents are transferred from one location to another. The schools have been operational for more than 50 years
Administration
The Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, which literally translates to ‘Central School Organisation’, oversees the functioning of the schools with its headquarters in New Delhi.
The administration of this body is based on levels. The chairman of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan is always the Minister in Charge of Human Resource Development of the Government of India; the deputy chairman is Minister of State of MHRD. The real working power lies with the Commissioner of KVS; there are additional commissioners to accompany Commissioner in the administration of KVS in different fields. The head of a KVS region is Deputy Commissioner accompanied by an Assistant Commissioner. There are individual principals of every KV administrating the schools along with a Vice-Principal, Head Master/ Mistress.
The Vidyalaya also has several committees for the holistic development of the students and well maintenance of the school compound and system.
The most important one is the VMC (Vidyalaya Management Committee), which is the head of all committees.
Location
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan building, Delhi
As of March 2016, there were 1128 schools named Kendriya Vidyalayas. Kendriya Vidyalaya is one of the longest school chain in world with 1,125 schools in India and three operated abroad.[2]
A total of 1,209,138 students (as of 30 September 2015) and 56,445 employees were on the rolls (as of 1 September 2013). These were divided among 25 regions, each headed by a deputy commissioner.
The three Kendriya Vidyalayas outside India are in Kathmandu, Moscow, and Tehran. They are intended for children of Indian embassy staff and other expatriate employees of the government of India.
One school in Tshimalakha, Bhutan, was transferred to the Bhutanese government, thus ceasing to be a Kendriya Vidyalaya (then known as Indo-Bhutan Central School (IBCS)) in 1989, after one of the major Indo-Bhutan projects (the Chukhha Hydal power project) was near completion. Indian government employees were gradually transferred back to their own country.
Features
All the schools share a common syllabus and offer bilingual instruction, in English and Hindi. They are co-educational.
Sanskrit is taught as a compulsory subject from classes VI to VIII[citation needed] and as an optional subject until class X. Students in classes VI to VIII could study the German language until November 2014, when the scheme was discontinued. But was again re continued. In Moscow, students are given an opportunity to choose French or Russianas their third or second language.
Tuition fees are charged for boys from class IX onward,[4] and students have to pay the school development fund (Vidyalaya Vikas Nidhi), with the proceeds spent on the development of that particular school. Students from Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and children of KVS employees are exempt from tuition fees. Girls who are their parents’ only child from class VI onward are exempt from tuition and school development fund payments.[5]
All members of parliament could recommend up to six students from their constituency for admission to a Kendriya Vidyalaya. From the academic session 2016-17, the quota has been increased to 10 students.[6]
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan has started seeking quality accreditation for its schools. The Quality Council of India (QCI) has accredited eight schools: KV Hebbal (Bangalore), KV IIT Chennai, KV No. 1 Uppal (Hyderabad), KV AFS Manauri (Allahabad), KV Bettiah (West Champaran, Bihar), KV No. 1 (Jammu), KV IIT Powai(Mumbai). KV Ganeshkhind (Pune), KV No-1 BBSR (Bhubaneswar).
NATIONAL READING DAY
“Children should learn that reading is pleasure, not just something that teachers make you do in school”
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